Cold weather heat pump - 5. How Ductless Heat Pumps Perform in Cold Weather. Ductless or "mini-split" heat pumps are smaller and easy-to-install heat pumps that work well in homes with "non-ducted" heating systems like hot water heated homes, radiant panels, or space heaters.

 
Creates more noise than a heat pump: Less energy bills in cold weather: Directly burns fossil fuels but with low emissions: Exceptional energy efficiency : Risk of carbon monoxide poisoning and gas leaks: Lower upfront cost than a heat pump: Requires a large propane tank on the property that needs …. Hard arizona

Using the in-ground loop field, a geothermal unit (or "ground-source heat pump") is able to pull heat energy from the 45°F-70°F earth to heat your home at efficiencies of over 400%. It's a totally unique technology and is well suited for heating and cooling spaces when the weather gets rough.It is essential to examine the physical space surrounding your heat pump and clear it of any object blocking its clearance. In general, you want to keep the sides of the unit 18- to 24-inches from any possible obstructions. When installed, it should naturally be 24-inches from the wall of the building.Unlike traditional heat pumps, the MrCool Universal can heat effectively below freezing. It can even heat effectively below zero, and keep heating effectively down into negative double digits. It can keep a 1500 sf house at 70 degrees in -20 and below. Most homeowners in the United States are not going to have to worry …The NREL researchers found that heat pumps lower household annual energy emissions an average by 36 to 64% — or 2.5 to 4.4 metric tons of carbon dioxide …Apr 21, 2023 ... Why Air Source Heat Pumps Lose Efficiency in Cold Weather. The amount of heat that can be transferred to you home by an air source heat pump is ...Properly adjusting your heat pump for the cooler months will help you enjoy the greatest comfort this winter and beyond. Please give us call if you have any further questions: 360-321-4252. As cold weather strikes and temperatures drop, we turn to our ductless heat pumps to keep us warm during the seasonal change.Bosch claims that its new IDS Ultra heat pump can work effectively even at temperatures as low as 5 degrees Fahrenheit. All-electric, energy efficient heat pumps are great because they can both ...Available performance data for these heat pumps reveal that most of these systems still exhibit a significant loss of heating capacity at cold temperatures and ...Sep 13, 2023 ... Some utilities and fossil-fuel interests like to say heat pumps don't work in the cold. A new study provides yet more evidence to debunk that ...In a large study in New England, cold weather heat pumps in homes saved 3,000 kWh over electric resistance heat (57% reduction in energy costs), and 50% in operating costs over oil heating. Energy savings for a two-and-a-half-ton low temperature heat pump over a standard unit can range from 500 to 1,000 kWh, or 11-22% cost savings.Dec 6, 2023 ... Every heat pump is great at cooling, and they all work fine for heat as long as it's above 30 Fahrenheit or so. In colder locales, look for a ...Cold Climate Heat Pump Training. The Sponsors of Mass Save have developed courses that focus in on cold climate heat pumps including their capabilities, in-home performance, comfort, and affordability. These courses have real world examples and content that shows installed systems both on-site and outside of …Available performance data for these heat pumps reveal that most of these systems still exhibit a significant loss of heating capacity at cold temperatures and ...Package unit heat pumps with all the equipment outside in one large cabinet – it might be a heat pump and air handler, which is most common, or a dual fuel package heat pump with a heat pump and furnace.. Cold climate heat pumps are standard split system heat pumps that can work effectively even when outside temperatures are …Boise, Idaho - Peppy Heating and Cooling, a respected HVAC contractor, has recently finalized a comprehensive case study on a 5 Head Cold Climate Ductless Heat …Overcoming Cold Weather Challenges for Heat Pumps. Dealing with Efficiency Drop-offs and Increased Demands. During extreme cold, heat pumps …Learn how air-source heat pumps can work well in cold weather, with variable speed compressors and flash injection technology. Find out what to look for in a … Accessibility. Español. Français. Resolute™ Cold Climate Heat PumpSpecifications. Features: All-electric technology ideal for year-round indoor comfort in all regions of Canada. Handles outdoor temperatures from -30 Celsius to 54 Celsius. Registered 10-year parts and compressor warranty. May be eligible for energy-efficiency rebates. Overcoming Cold Weather Challenges for Heat Pumps. Dealing with Efficiency Drop-offs and Increased Demands. During extreme cold, heat pumps …The NREL researchers found that heat pumps lower household annual energy emissions an average by 36 to 64% — or 2.5 to 4.4 metric tons of carbon dioxide …A secondary heating source, like emergency heat, can be used to keep you warm. The heat pump emergency heat setting is used when your heat pump needs a break to avoid system damage. Plus, it works well at warming your home in below-freezing temperatures. The “em heat” setting on your thermostat indicates your …Jan 1, 2023 · The specification was designed to identify air source heat pumps that are best suited to heat efficiently in cold climates (IECC climate zone 4 and higher). It is intended as a model equipment specification to be used broadly by clean energy and energy efficiency program administrators in cold climates as a minimum requirement for program ... Warm Bugs, Cold Bugs - Warm bugs and cold bugs behave differently. Do this outdoor insect experiment so kids can see how weather changes effect insects. Advertisement As the temper...Properly adjusting your heat pump for the cooler months will help you enjoy the greatest comfort this winter and beyond. Please give us call if you have any further questions: 360-321-4252. As cold weather strikes and temperatures drop, we turn to our ductless heat pumps to keep us warm during the seasonal change.The Short Answer: It Depends. Whether or not a heat pump that runs all the time is considered a problem depends on the temperature outside your home. If the temperature drops below 30 degrees Fahrenheit in cold weather or rises above 100 degrees in hot weather, the heat pump is performing its intended … About Ductless Heat Pumps. Ductless heat pumps come with an outdoor compressor/condenser and one to four indoor air handlers. Indoor units are installed on walls or ceilings (or sometimes hidden behind them) and refrigerant circulates through tubing that connects the indoor and outdoor units. Ductless heat pumps, or mini/multi split heat pumps ... Don V. Answer: It isn’t unusual for a heat pump to freeze up in cold weather, but it should kick into “defrost” mode and melt the ice periodically. Here are some conversations on other sites that might be helpful. Be sure to read the second one after you read the first one. A Frozen Heat Pump Is Normal.Safely clean the coils with a soft brush and coil cleaner. This should be a routine maintenance task performed at least bi-annually. 3. Check The Refrigerant Levels. Proper refrigerant levels are vital for heat pump work efficiency, and low levels are a common cause of freezing.Boise, Idaho - Peppy Heating and Cooling, a respected HVAC contractor, has recently finalized a comprehensive case study on a 5 Head Cold Climate Ductless Heat …Mar 24, 2023 · The best heat pump brands include common names like Trane, American Standard, Carrier, Bryant, Payne, Armstrong Air, Lennox and a few others. Those are the first tier in terms of quality. There is a second tier worth considering when buying a heat pump. It includes well-known brands like Rheem, Heil and Amana. The abovementioned heat pump is rated as the best heat pump for cold weather. During its manufacture, it was designed to make it suitable for functions such as cooling and heating the house during cold weather, general house warming, and heating water for domestic use, among other reasons. The …Compare the LG 24,000 BTU model to the smaller 7,500 BTU device to see what I mean. The higher-BTU device can heat a space of 1,440 square feet. The 7,500 BTU AC, on the other hand, is rated for no more than 220 square feet. TL;DR: Make sure the heating or cooling BTU is sufficient for the coverage area …Feb 9, 2024 · One of the primary benefits of heat pumps is their energy efficiency during the cold-weather seasons, primarily when the outside temperature is 40-60 degrees. Unlike traditional furnaces, which burn natural gas or oil to produce heat, air-source heat pumps transfer heat from outdoors to the inside of homes to provide warmth, using only ... Boise, Idaho - Peppy Heating and Cooling, a respected HVAC contractor, has recently finalized a comprehensive case study on a 5 Head Cold Climate Ductless Heat …The Arctic Inverter Pool Heat Pump comes in four sizes ranging from 5 Kw to 26 KW. The smallest 015ZA/B is ideal for smaller hot tub and spas. The largest 060ZA/B is ideal for pool owners. All four models can work in temperatures as low as -20 C (-5 F). For climates requiring even colder operating, all Arctic Inverter Pool Heat Pump come ... The Arctic Heat Pump is a revolution in heat pump technology that remains unsurpassed in terms of cost and performance. Our Engineers designed this heat pump with a mission to make it the most efficient cold climate heat pump on the market at a price point of ½ of a traditional geothermal heat pump. This was done without any sacrifices to ... The effectiveness of a heat pump in cold weather depends largely on its design and the specific climate it is intended to operate in. Advanced models, such as cold climate heat pumps, such as MXZ H2i® Hyper-Heating INVERTER™ and Zuba Heat Pump, are equipped with technology to work efficiently even in extremely low …Jan 26, 2024 · Cold climate heat pumps typically cost 20-30% more than standard heat pumps because of the added features that make them function well in cold temperatures. There are many cold climate heat pumps ... Aug 2, 2022 · Yes, they can, if properly installed and selected. Learn how to choose a cold-climate heat pump with a variable speed compressor and flash injection, and how to save money with federal tax credits and state rebates. See real-world testimonials and tips from experts. Using the in-ground loop field, a geothermal unit (or "ground-source heat pump") is able to pull heat energy from the 45°F-70°F earth to heat your home at efficiencies of over 400%. It's a totally unique technology and is well suited for heating and cooling spaces when the weather gets rough.Jake Tear Dec 06 2023. Air source heat pumps work at temperatures as low as -25°C. Heat pumps are still three times more efficient than boilers when it’s below 0°C. … About Ductless Heat Pumps. Ductless heat pumps come with an outdoor compressor/condenser and one to four indoor air handlers. Indoor units are installed on walls or ceilings (or sometimes hidden behind them) and refrigerant circulates through tubing that connects the indoor and outdoor units. Ductless heat pumps, or mini/multi split heat pumps ... Accessibility. Español. Français. Resolute™ Cold Climate Heat PumpSpecifications. Features: All-electric technology ideal for year-round indoor comfort in all regions of Canada. Handles outdoor temperatures from -30 Celsius to 54 Celsius. Registered 10-year parts and compressor warranty. May be eligible for energy-efficiency rebates. The most modern heat pumps have huge advantages in our cold winter weather. Older heat pumps suffered from severe reductions in efficiency and heat output on cold days. A modern cold climate heat pump will hum along happily at -20°C and below. ... the federal Greener Homes program will chip in $5,000 to help with the cost of a cold climate ...If you’re in the market for a heat pump, you’ve probably come across the Evoheat Evo270. Known for its energy efficiency and reliable performance, this heat pump is a popular choic...In extremely cold weather, heat pumps may struggle to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. If the outside temperature drops below -10 degrees Celsius, heat pumps may need to run for longer to keep up, leading to increased energy consumption. In some cases, an alternative heating source may be required.Winter Storm Grayson is bringing snow and ice, followed by a frigid polar vortex. Here are 10 great clothing deals to keep you warm. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsle...The heat pump will need to be recharged to restore the proper amount of refrigerant necessary for optimal performance. Only a certified HVAC technician should charge a heat pump or HVAC system. The tech will use one of two methods: superheat or subcooling. In most cases, subcooling is the preferred method, but the solution will …If you’re looking for an energy-efficient way to heat and cool your home, a heat pump may be the solution you need. But what exactly is a heat pump and how does it work? In this ar...In today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about weather conditions is crucial for our safety and well-being. The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) Cold Weather Postcode Ch...Air source heat pumps will lose power in cold weather because as the heat is extracted from the air, the condensation on the fins of the heat pump evaporator will freeze and gradually block the air passage. The heat pump therefore goes into a reverse cycle to deliver heat to the evaporator and melt the ice. This …The heat produced from your furnace using heating oil is often significantly hotter than a heat pumps. A gallon of heating oil produces 138,500 BTUs (117,725 effective BTUs) per gallon of heating oil. While a heat pump will only produce 60,000 BTUs for your standard 2,500 square foot home. With heating …Solstice Inverter ExtremeAir-to-Water Heat Pump. The Solstice Inverter Extreme (ILAHP) is a low ambient or "cold climate" air-source heat pump capable of extreme low ambient heating performance down to -22°F. The monobloc design makes it a self-contained unit that keeps all refrigerant conveniently and safely located outside the occupied space.A Carrier 15 Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio heat pump has a higher energy efficiency rating than a Carrier 14 Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio heat pump. The heat pump with a hig...National Baked Alaska Day is a celebration of a dessert that combines the elements of heat and cold to create a truly magical experience for the taste buds. Baked Alaska, also know...Selecting the right heat pump for your home means that you can save energy and reduce the cost of heating or cooling your home. In moderate climates, heat pumps are good alternativ...The National Snow and Ice Data Center explains that different species of plants adapt to cold weather in a variety of ways, such as growing in forms that shed snow readily or by re... The higher the HSPF rating, the more efficient a heat pump is at heating, which results in less energy used and more energy savings overall. ENERGY STAR heat pumps must have at least an 8.5 HSPF, but heat pumps can range up to 14 HSPF. So, going up to 13.5, Mitsubishi HSPFs rank on the high end. Mar 1, 2023 · Here are five things to know about using a heat pump to cool and heat your home if you live in a cold climate. 1. Heat pumps work in cold climates. Homeowners as far north as Alaska are using heat pumps to keep their homes comfortable in the winter. In Juneau, an organization called Alaska Heat Smart is helping homeowners make the switch. Furthermore, as your heat pump naturally ices up in cold temperatures, there may not be adequate refrigerant to defrost the heat pump. As a result, your heat pump cannot correctly maintain heating capabilities when low on refrigerant. If your heat pump is over ten years old, it most likely uses Freon R-22.Jan 20, 2024 · Best Cold Climate Heat Pumps for Canadians in 2024. Best Overall: Senville Aura Series Mini-Split. Best for Quiet Operation: Senville SENL-24CD. Best for Budgets : Costway Mini-Split. Best for Zoned Heating: Senville SENA-30HF/D. Best for Larger Homes: Goodman 3.5-ton Heat Pump. Heat pumps take air from outside your home and pump it inside by using refrigerant-filled coils, similar to what you'll find behind your fridge. There are two ...These heat pumps can be a good option for homes in climates that are prone to extremely cold weather. Find Heat Pump Installers. What Is a Furnace? In most homes, the furnace is the heart of the central heating system. In fact, the word “furnace” stems from an old French word for “oven” (fornais).LG HEAT PUMPS. LG is a Fortune 500 company that manufactures a large range of appliances, including mini-split heating and cooling systems, that give industry leaders like Mitsubishi and Fujitsu a run for their money. The LG RED High-Efficiency Series continues to function at maximum capacity all the way down to -5°F. Systems are WiFi enabled.Jan 1, 2023 · The specification was designed to identify air source heat pumps that are best suited to heat efficiently in cold climates (IECC climate zone 4 and higher). It is intended as a model equipment specification to be used broadly by clean energy and energy efficiency program administrators in cold climates as a minimum requirement for program ... These systems are also known as cold climate heat pumps or ductless mini split heat pumps, and they are a reliable, energy-efficient solution to heating and cooling year-round. We are a certified Elite Diamond Contractor and installer of Mitsubishi Electric Heat Pumps, the world leader in heat pump technology. Our teams stay ahead of the latest ...May 20, 2022 · NEEP's Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump Product List. Year Published. 2022. Publish Date / Date Accessed. 2022-05-20. Heat pumps are a great way to heat and cool your home, but they can be confusing. This guide will provide an overview of heat pumps and how they work, as well as some tips for choo... Geothermal heat pumps, also referred to as ground source heat pumps, extract heat from the ground during cold weather via an underground pipe system, which is then distributed throughout the home. During warmer months, the process is reversed to provide cooling. Geothermal heat pumps are the most efficient, longest-lasting type of heat pump ... If you’re in the market for a heat pump, you’ve probably come across the Evoheat Evo270. Known for its energy efficiency and reliable performance, this heat pump is a popular choic...An 8000 BTU/hr Frigidaire 115V heat pump window-shaker heat pump with 7000 BTU/hr of heat pump output (heating COP of 2.6-2.7) can be had for well under a grand. ... A heat pump's capacity to keep the house warm during an extreme cold weather event. Product Guide Heating and Cooling with Heat …A secondary heating source, like emergency heat, can be used to keep you warm. The heat pump emergency heat setting is used when your heat pump needs a break to avoid system damage. Plus, it works well at warming your home in below-freezing temperatures. The “em heat” setting on your thermostat indicates your …The specification was designed to identify air source heat pumps that are best suited to heat efficiently in cold climates (IECC climate zone 4 and higher). It is intended as a model equipment …But the technology is changing. Trane Technologies is partnering with the Department of Energy (DOE) in their Residential Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge to develop new cold-climate heat pumps that deliver 100% heating capacity without the use of auxiliary heat and with significantly higher efficiencies at 5 degrees Fahrenheit.Let’s look over how heat pumps work. Heat pumps don’t create hot or cold air. Instead, they work by extracting heat from the outdoors and using it to warm your home. As long as the temperature is above 40F, this process works seamlessly. However, below this temperature, the heat pump can’t find enough …Here are the preliminary heat load calcs for each floor (= each zone). This is from spreadsheet work, not an actual Manual J (yet), with -4F outdoor, 70F indoor design temps. 3rd Fl: 11k. 2nd Fl: 10k. 1st Fl: 16k (6k of which is basement) So, yeah, about 1 ton each for the 2nd and 3rd floor, and 1.5 ton for the 1st floor …Boise, Idaho - Peppy Heating and Cooling, a respected HVAC contractor, has recently finalized a comprehensive case study on a 5 Head Cold Climate Ductless Heat …Creates more noise than a heat pump: Less energy bills in cold weather: Directly burns fossil fuels but with low emissions: Exceptional energy efficiency : Risk of carbon monoxide poisoning and gas leaks: Lower upfront cost than a heat pump: Requires a large propane tank on the property that needs …That’s a huge efficiency margin, and it’s just one more piece of data in an avalanche of evidence that heat pumps work in cold climates. Heat pumps have been tested as far north as Alaska, they work at temperatures well below freezing, and heat pump adoption is increasing dramatically in areas with colder climates.Optimize your buildings in less than a day with the future of HVAC tech. No electrical upgrades. Plugs into a 120V outlet. Lower operating costs. 30%+ more efficient. Integrates with your BMS. No contractors. Reduces …How good are heat pumps in cold weather? A heat pump transfers heat energy from outside into a home and can be used to provide heating or cooling. While heat pumps …Select a Cold Weather-Ready Heat Pump When Warranted. The Nordic countries are among the biggest heat pump users, proving they work well in cold climates. However, most models prioritized there have designs and features — such as variable-speed compressors and integrated defrosters — to make them perform best in frigid environments.In a large study in New England, cold weather heat pumps in homes saved 3,000 kWh over electric resistance heat (57% reduction in energy costs), and 50% in operating costs over oil heating. Energy savings for a two-and-a-half-ton low temperature heat pump over a standard unit can range from 500 to 1,000 kWh, or 11-22% cost savings.Mar 1, 2023 · Here are five things to know about using a heat pump to cool and heat your home if you live in a cold climate. 1. Heat pumps work in cold climates. Homeowners as far north as Alaska are using heat pumps to keep their homes comfortable in the winter. In Juneau, an organization called Alaska Heat Smart is helping homeowners make the switch. NEEP - Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump Product List. Publication Info. Source Type. Website. Permission Date. 2022-05-20. Website Link. NEEP's Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump Product List. Year Published. 2022. Publish Date / …In extremely cold weather, heat pumps may struggle to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. If the outside temperature drops below -10 degrees Celsius, heat pumps may need to run for longer to keep up, leading to increased energy consumption. In some cases, an alternative heating source may be required.

A heat pump's advertised size is based on its heating capacity at a very mild 47 degrees. But heat pump performance changes with the weather, and many lose their heating ability as temperatures drop below freezing. (It's a myth that heat pumps can't work in cold weather, but many models will indeed struggle.). Martin's bbq nashville tennessee

cold weather heat pump

Supplementing heat pump systems with solar energy. Our Zoned Comfort Solutions® all-electric heat pumps with Hyper-Heating INVERTER® (H2i®) technology are designed to operate in outdoor temperatures as low as -13° F. Visit mitsubishicomfort.com for more information on our residential product line. To …Early heat pump technology wasn’t known for heating in extreme cold, but technology has greatly advanced, and many heat pumps now work down to -10 degrees. Mitsubishi heat pumps use their Hyper-Heating INVERTER (H2i) technology which can provide up to 100 percent of heating capacity at 5° F and continue operation down to -13° F even without ...Jan 3, 2024 · Overcoming Cold Weather Challenges for Heat Pumps. Dealing with Efficiency Drop-offs and Increased Demands. During extreme cold, heat pumps encounter specific challenges: Frequent Defrost Cycles: To prevent ice buildup on the coils, heat pumps periodically enter a defrost mode, temporarily reversing the heating process to melt away frost. This ... RV heat pumps sit on the roof of your RV. Modern RV AC heat pumps typically range from 11,000 to 15,000 BTUs. They are considered to be significantly more energy-efficient than conventional electric heaters. The heat comes from the air outside, so most of the energy consumed is from running the …Dec 6, 2023 ... Every heat pump is great at cooling, and they all work fine for heat as long as it's above 30 Fahrenheit or so. In colder locales, look for a ...Heat rash is a common skin problem. Learn more about heat rash at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Most people love being outside when the weather is hot. We have barbecues, go to the ...The most modern heat pumps have huge advantages in our cold winter weather. Older heat pumps suffered from severe reductions in efficiency and heat output on cold days. A modern cold climate heat pump will hum along happily at -20°C and below. ... the federal Greener Homes program will chip in $5,000 to help with the cost of a cold climate ...Mar 17, 2023 · Then, the now-cool refrigerant flows back into the heat pump, where the process starts again. Defrost Cycle. In cold weather, the evaporator coils can become covered with ice, which reduces the heat pump’s efficiency. During the defrost cycle, the heat pump reverses its operation, sending warm air into the evaporator coils to melt the ice. The Arctic Heat Pump is a revolution in heat pump technology that remains unsurpassed in terms of cost and performance. Our Engineers designed this heat pump with a mission to make it the most efficient cold climate heat pump on the market at a price point of ½ of a traditional geothermal heat pump. This was done without any sacrifices to ... Midea vs. Gree Sapphire cold weather performance. I really appreciate everyone's help so far, and I'm making my purchase today. ... my guess is when you look at your average weather conditions you'll hang around 10-20F more often than -10 to 10F. ... Midea is the world largest and Gree the 2nd for Ac/heat pumps by sales volume. …The EM heat source can use 2-5 times the amount of electricity, and once it kicks in, your bills can skyrocket. The table below shows just how inefficient EM heat can be and how much more it could cost you if it relied on emergency heat for a week: Normal Heat Pump. at 30°F for 1 week. Emergency Heat.Winter Storm Grayson is bringing snow and ice, followed by a frigid polar vortex. Here are 10 great clothing deals to keep you warm. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsle... The Arctic Heat Pump is a revolution in heat pump technology that remains unsurpassed in terms of cost and performance. Our Engineers designed this heat pump with a mission to make it the most efficient cold climate heat pump on the market at a price point of ½ of a traditional geothermal heat pump. This was done without any sacrifices to ... Sep 13, 2023 ... Some utilities and fossil-fuel interests like to say heat pumps don't work in the cold. A new study provides yet more evidence to debunk that ...In order to find the best cold climate heat pump, we talked to contractors, compared specs, and looked at what units people are actually installing in the coldest parts of the United …Updated on 31 August 2023. Air source heat pumps work at temperatures as low as -25°C. Ground source heat pumps provide consistent heat in all weather. Heat pumps are still three times more efficient than boilers when it’s below 0°C. Although heat pumps cost a little more upfront than some other heating methods, they are able to turn ...Jun 16, 2021 · A cold climate heat pump is designed specifically to tackle the frigid challenges of colder regions. These heat pumps are a testament to how far HVAC technology has come. Efficient, powerful, and tailor-made for icy conditions, the cold climate heat pump is not just a heating solution; it's a winter game-changer. The heat pump can also provide cooling by transferring warm indoor air to the outside. The hot or cold air is then pushed through your home’s regular ducts and vents. In Alberta, heat pumps are most effective when temperatures are between +20 degrees and -20 degrees celsius.Jan 26, 2024 · Cold climate heat pumps typically cost 20-30% more than standard heat pumps because of the added features that make them function well in cold temperatures. There are many cold climate heat pumps ... .

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